Essential Tips for Preventing Spinal Cord Injuries

By Scihealthhub – December 22, 2024

In this post, we’ll walk you through actionable steps for preventing spinal cord injuries in various settings, from workplaces to homes, schools and outdoor activities.

The human spinal cord could be likened to the body’s communication highway, transmitting signals between the brain and the rest of the body. 

Spinal cord injuries occur when damage to the spinal cord leads to disruption in this communication highway, resulting in potentially devastating consequences, including paralysis, and loss of sensation or other vital body functions below the point of the damage.

Recent data published by the World Health Organization showed that an estimated 15.4 million people are living with spinal cord injuries globally (1).

Also, every year, as many as 250,000 and 500,000 people suffer a spinal cord injury globally (2).

Fortunately, many spinal cord injuries are preventable through proper safety measures, awareness, and lifestyle adjustments. 

What are the Common Causes of Spinal Cord Injuries? 

To fully grasp the topic, it is important to understand the common causes of spinal cord injuries, which include:

Road traffic accidents: These are the leading causes of spinal cord injuries, accounting for about 40% of new cases.

Falls from slippery surfaces, height (roofs, ladder, tree) and stairs. 

Violent attacks from gunshot wounds and knife wounds. 

Sports and recreation activities such as contact sports collision (in football, rugby, hockey), diving accidents, gymnastic accidents and surfing accidents. 

Work-related injuries such as equipment accidents (eg being struck or crushed by heavy equipment), construction site accidents, heavy lifting and bending injuries, mining accidents and warehouse accidents.

Certain diseases can cause or increase the risk of spinal cord injuries. These include polio, certain cancers, spinal tumors, arthritis, syringomyelia, spinal cord infections, spinal cord ischemia, Guillain-Barré syndrome, multiple sclerosis, transverse myelitis, osteoporosis, and osteopenia

Complications during surgery or medical treatment. 

Prevention is Better Than Cure

In the case of spinal cord injuries, the age-old adage “prevention is better than cure” rings especially true. Here is why:

Irreversible Damage: Unlike many other medical conditions, spinal cord injuries often result in permanent damage, as the spinal cord has a limited capacity to regenerate. While medical advancements offer hope, there is currently no cure for the condition. 

Secondary Health Complications: Even with the best care, individuals with spinal cord injuries face numerous secondary health issues, such as infections, pressure sores, problems with sexual health and chronic pain, which further reduce their quality of life.

Costly Management: The management of spinal cord injuries involves extensive rehabilitation, surgeries, assistive devices, and lifelong medical care, all of which are financially and emotionally draining for both individuals and their families.

Impact on Mental Health: Living with a spinal cord injury can lead to depression, anxiety, and social isolation, affecting not only the individual but also their family and caregivers.

Impact on Productivity: Spinal cord injuries can limit an individual’s ability to work, affecting their economic independence and contributions to society.

Spinal Cord Injury Prevention Tips 

Proven safety measures that help reduce the risk of spinal cord injuries include:

1. Road Safety Measures

1.1. Always Wear Seatbelts:

Seatbelts can reduce the impact of collisions and prevent severe injuries. In one study, the use of seat-belts reduced the likelihood of injury or death by 40-50% for drivers and front seat passengers and by about 25% for passengers in rear seats (3)

1.2. Avoid Distracted Driving:

Texting or using a phone while driving significantly increases the risk of accidents. According to the National Safety Council, approximately 1.6 million crashes—28% of all traffic accidents in the U.S. annually—are caused by drivers using cell phones or texting (4).

1.3. Follow Traffic Rules:

Adhering to speed limits, using turn signals, and observing traffic laws can prevent road mishaps.

1.4. Use Helmets on Motorcycles and Bicycles:

Correct helmet use can reduce the risk of death in a crash by more than 6 times and the risk of head injury by up to 74% (4).

1.5. Avoid Speeding:

Excessive speed increases the likelihood of crashes and makes accidents more severe, leading to higher rates of catastrophic injuries and fatalities

1.6. Avoid Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol or Psychoactive Drugs (e.g., amphetamines) since it increases the risk of car accidents that result in death or serious injuries.

1.7. Enforcement of Traffic Laws:

Strict enforcement of laws governing road safety, such as those against drink-driving, speeding, seat-belt wearing and child restraints can help bring about reduction in road traffic fatalities and injuries.

1.8. Ensure Your Vehicle Is in Safe Operating Condition:

Follow the manufacturer’s maintenance schedule and inspect your vehicle for safety issues before driving. Replace worn tires and check your headlights, side mirrors, brake lights, and rearview mirror. For motorcycles, also inspect the chain and ensure the tire tread depth is adequate.

2. Preventing Falls

2.1. Install Safety Features:

Equipping homes and workplaces with safety features can greatly minimize fall risks. For instance, handrails along staircases and grab bars in bathrooms provide extra support and stability, especially for older adults or individuals with mobility issues. Anti-slip mats in wet areas, such as bathrooms and kitchens, help prevent slipping on wet surfaces.

2.2. Ensure Adequate Lighting:

Poor lighting is a common cause of trips and falls. Installing bright and strategically placed lighting, particularly in stairways, hallways, and outdoor spaces, can make hazards more visible. Motion-sensor lights in areas like driveways or entryways are also beneficial.

2.3. Declutter Walkways:

Keeping floors and pathways free of obstacles, such as loose rugs, cords, toys, or furniture, is essential in preventing tripping incidents. 

2.4. Routine Maintenance and Inspections:

Regularly check the integrity of staircases, ladders, railings, and flooring to address potential hazards like loose steps or unstable surfaces. Fixing these issues promptly can prevent accidents.

3. Workplace Safety Measures 

Workplaces, especially those in industries like construction, manufacturing, and transportation, can be hotspots for accidents that may result in spinal cord injuries. 

3.1. Comprehensive Safety Training:

Workers should receive thorough training on safe practices, including proper lifting techniques, the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and adherence to safety protocols. Regular refresher courses can reinforce these practices.

3.2. Hazard Identification and Mitigation:

Employers should conduct regular workplace inspections to identify and address potential hazards, such as slippery floors, unguarded machinery, or unstable structures. 

3.3. Safe Equipment Handling:

Workers operating machinery or handling heavy loads must be trained to use equipment correctly. Automated lifting devices or ergonomic tools can minimize strain on the spine and reduce the likelihood of injuries.

3.4. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):

Employees working in high-risk environments should be provided with, and required to use, appropriate PPE, such as:

Safety helmets: Required when working in areas where there is a potential for head injury from falling objects.

Safety harnesses: Designed for work at height (e.g., scaffolding, roofs, or confined spaces) to protect the user from injury or death due to falls.

Back and lumbar supports: Worn by workers who handle heavy materials, push or pull trolleys, etc., to reduce the impact on the lower back and decrease the likelihood of lumbar prolapse and other lower back issues.

Employers should ensure that equipment is in good condition and meets safety standards.

3.5. Fall Protection Systems:

For employees working at heights, robust fall protection systems like safety harnesses, guardrails, and safety nets are crucial. Employers must ensure that these systems are inspected and maintained regularly.

3.5. Emergency Preparedness:

Workplaces should have clear emergency response plans and first aid kits accessible. Quick and efficient responses can mitigate the severity of spinal injuries if an accident occurs.

4. Sports and Recreational Safety

Engaging in sports and recreational activities is essential for physical fitness and mental well-being, but it also comes with the risk of injury, including spinal cord injuries. Taking preventive measures can help minimize these risks.

4.1. Use Protective Gear:

Wearing the right protective equipment can significantly reduce the likelihood of severe injuries. For instance, helmets protect the head and neck during cycling, motorcycling, skiing, or skateboarding. Similarly, knee and elbow pads, as well as back braces or guards, can shield vulnerable areas in high-impact sports like hockey or snowboarding. Always ensure the gear fits properly and is in good condition.

4.2. Learn Proper Techniques:

Coaches and trainers should emphasize techniques that prioritize safety without compromising performance. For example, athletes should be taught how to tackle safely in football or rugby to avoid head or neck impacts. Similarly, learning how to fall safely in sports like gymnastics or skateboarding can prevent serious injuries. 

4.3. Avoid Risky Activities:

Certain activities pose an inherently high risk of spinal injuries, such as diving into shallow or unfamiliar water. Such actions can lead to catastrophic consequences, including permanent paralysis. Instead, always check the depth and safety of the water before diving. Similarly, refrain from risky stunts or maneuvers without adequate preparation and supervision.

4.4. Ensure Supervision and Preparedness:

Participating in sports under proper supervision can make a significant difference. Coaches, lifeguards, or spotters should be present during high-risk activities to intervene when necessary and ensure adherence to safety protocols. Additionally, having access to first aid and emergency plans can be lifesaving in case of an accident.

5. Addressing Violence and Risky Behaviors

Violence and risky behaviors, such as altercations, gang involvement, or substance abuse, are significant contributors to spinal cord injuries. Here are some tips for addressing these factors:

5.1. Avoid Conflict Escalation

Practice Conflict Resolution: Learning effective conflict resolution skills can prevent physical altercations that may lead to injury. This includes staying calm during disagreements, using assertive (not aggressive) communication, avoiding confrontational body language, showing empathy where necessary and seeking compromise where possible.

Walk Away When Necessary: Knowing when to step away from a potentially violent situation can save lives. Prioritize safety over pride.

5.2. Community Safety Programs

Promote Gun Safety: Gun violence is a common cause of spinal cord injuries. Measures like stricter gun control and education on firearm safety can help mitigate this risk.

Encourage Peer-Led Programs: Community programs focusing on mentoring young people about the dangers of risky behaviors, such as gang involvement or substance abuse are highly effective.

Advocate for Safe Public Spaces: Collaborate with local authorities to ensure well-lit streets, functional surveillance systems, and security measures in high-risk areas.

Substance Abuse Awareness: Impairment from drugs or alcohol can increase the likelihood of poor decision-making, violent behavior, and accidents. Educational campaigns highlighting the dangers of substance use can help prevent injuries.

5.3. Encourage Healthy Coping Mechanisms

Provide Support for Mental Health: Many risky behaviors stem from underlying mental health issues like stress, anxiety, or peer pressure. Offering access to counseling services and promoting mental well-being can help reduce impulsive actions.

Build Community Bonds: Strong community networks provide individuals with a sense of belonging and reduce the likelihood of engaging in violence or risky behavior.

6. Adopt a Spine-Friendly Lifestyle

6.1. Regular Exercise:

Resistance training and back-strengthening exercises improve posture and spinal stability, making the spine less vulnerable to injury. Aerobic activities like walking, swimming, or cycling enhance overall fitness. Exercise strengthens the muscles that support the back and helps keep the spine flexible. 

6.2. Ergonomic Practices:

Use ergonomic chairs that support the natural curves of the back, learn how to safely lift heavy objects, sleep on a firm mattress, maintain proper posture, and avoid prolonged sitting to reduce strain on the spine.

6.3. Weight Management:

Maintaining a healthy weight through diet and exercise is important, as excess body weight increases pressure on the spine and is associated with structural changes that damage the spine and contribute to a range of spinal diseases (5)

6.4. Quit Smoking:

Smoking weakens bones and reduces blood flow to the spine, increasing the likelihood of spinal issues.

7. Maintain Bone Health

Adequate Calcium Intake:

Consuming calcium-rich foods like dairy products, leafy greens, almonds, and fortified plant-based milk helps maintain bone density.

Get Enough Vitamin D:

Vitamin D plays an important role in maintaining bone health by enhancing the body’s ability to absorb calcium, supporting bone density and preventing conditions like osteoporosis and osteomalacia, both of which can lead to fractures and back pain.

Vitamin D can be obtained through several sources, including sunlight, fortified foods and supplements. 

8. Manage Medical Conditions

Proactive management of medical conditions that can compromise spinal health helps keep the spine strong and reduces the risk of fractures or other injuries that could harm the spinal cord.

Routine check-ups can identify these conditions early, allowing for timely treatment to prevent further complications. These conditions include:

• Osteoporosis: Regular bone density screenings are recommended, especially for postmenopausal women and older adults.
• Osteoarthritis and degenerative disc disease
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Spinal tumors (primary or metastatic)
• Paget’s disease of bone
• Ankylosing spondylitis
• Hyperparathyroidism
• Vitamin D deficiency
• Chronic steroid use
• Spinal infections (osteomyelitis, discitis, tuberculosis of the spine). 

9. Children Playtime Safety Measures 

Rough play among children and teenagers, while often perceived as harmless, can sometimes result in severe injuries, including spinal cord injuries.

Consider the case of a teenage girl who, while playing, climbed onto the back of her older brother. Unfortunately, she fell and sustained a cervical spine injury, resulting in neck pain. Due to the failure to seek prompt medical attention, her condition deteriorated, leading to paralysis of her limbs within a few days.

Parents, guardians, and teachers play a crucial role in ensuring the safety of children and teenagers during play. 

9.1. Set Boundaries:

Clearly communicate which types of play are safe and which should be avoided. For example, discourage risky plays like piggyback rides without supervision, rough wrestling, climbing on furniture, walls or trees, and running on slippery surfaces like tiles or wet surfaces. 

9.2. Supervise Playtime:

As much as possible, be present during playtime to ensure activities remain safe.

9.3. Educate About Risks:

Teach children and teenagers about the potential consequences of rough play, using real-life examples to emphasize the importance of safety.

9.4. Create a Safe Environment:

Remove hazards such as slippery surfaces, sharp objects, or items that could cause tripping or falling. Inspect the playground equipment to make sure they are safe. 

9.5. Install Safety Features:

Equip staircases with sturdy railings and balconies with secure guards.

10. Improper Pre-Hospital Care

Mishandling someone with a suspected spinal cord injury, such as a victim at the scene of a road traffic accident, can worsen existing injuries, potentially leading to permanent damage or increased paralysis. Adequate training, careful handling, and swift yet appropriate action can significantly improve outcomes.

Here are the key principles of proper pre-hospital care for someone with a possible spinal cord injury:

10.1. Stabilization of the Spine:

Use a spinal board or cervical collar to immobilize the neck and back, preventing unnecessary movement.

If equipment is unavailable, ensure the victim remains as still as possible by manually supporting the head and neck.

10.2. Avoid Unnecessary Movement:

Do not attempt to move the victim unless absolutely necessary (e.g., in cases of imminent danger like fire or explosion).

Avoid dragging, twisting, or lifting without proper spinal precautions.

10.3. Call for Emergency Services:

Promptly contact trained emergency medical personnel to ensure appropriate transportation and initial care.

You might like to read details about how to handle someone with possible spinal cord injury in our article Spinal Cord Injury Treatment (Current and Future).

Final Thoughts

Preventing spinal cord injuries requires a combination of personal vigilance, community efforts, and public awareness. By adopting safe practices in daily life and encouraging others to do the same, we can significantly reduce the incidence of spinal cord injuries and ensure a safer environment for everyone.